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- 6th July 1992
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- Support Group Application Note
- Number: 016
- Issue: 1
- Author:
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-
- Acorn Electron Screen Displays
-
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- Applicable Hardware: Acorn Electron
-
- Related Application Notes:
-
-
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- Copyright (C) Acorn Computers Limited 1992
-
- Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this leaflet is
- true and correct at the time of printing. However, the products described in
- this leaflet are subject to continuous development and improvements and
- Acorn Computers Limited reserves the right to change its specifications at
- any time. Acorn Computers Limited cannot accept liability for any loss or
- damage arising from the use of any information or particulars in this
- leaflet. ACORN, ECONET and ARCHIMEDES are trademarks of Acorn Computers
- Limited.
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- Support Group
- Acorn Computers Limited
- Acorn House
- Vision Park
- Histon
- Cambridge CB4 4AE
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-
- Acorn Electron Microcomputers are set to display within the full picture
- area defined by the PAL TV standard. This makes maximum use of the display
- area and resolution available on a TV set, and is particularly important
- when using a monitor.
-
- However, some TV manufacturers have changed their policy with regard to
- setting up TV pictures, and now adjust sets so that the top of the picture
- is "off screen". This may mean that, when connected to your computer, you
- may not see the top line of characters on the screen. If you have this
- problem, you will usually find that TV retailers or rental companies will
- adjust you set for you, either free of charge or for a small fee.
-
- Most software authors are aware of this problem, and should write their
- programs so that you do not lose important information. If you find a
- commercially available program (eg a game) which exhibits this problem, we
- suggest that you contact the software authors.
-
- For your own use, a simple way around the problem which does not require
- adjusting your TV set is to use the text window facility, which is described
- on page 92 of the Electron User Guide. This restricts text output to a
- specific area of the screen, which can be set to exclude the top and/or
- bottom lines. Note that this method will not work for games or other
- commercial software: you will need to contact the authors and make them
- aware of the problem.
-
- The command used depends on which screen mode is in use. After switching
- on, the Electron is in mode 6. Entering the following command will ensure
- that no further text is printed on the top line:
-
- VDU 28,0,24,39,1
-
- A VDU 28 command should be entered every time the Electron is switched on,
- or whenever the mode is changed (by a MODE command). The commands for each
- screen mode are listed below:
-
- MODE COMMAND
- 0 VDU 28,0,31,79,1
- 1 VDU 28,0,31,39,1
- 2 VDU 28,0,31,19,1
- 3 VDU 28,0,24,79,1
- 4 VDU 28,0,31,39,1
- 5 VDU 28,0,31,19,1
- 6 VDU 28,0,24,39,1
-
- These commands may be placed in a program (eg straight after a MODE
- statement), or may be entered directly at the keyboard.
-
- If you are likely to change mode a lot, it may be useful to set up the
- function keys so that you can accomplish changing the mode and setting the
- window with a single key press. If you enter and then SAVE the following
- program, you can automatically set up the function keys just by CHAINing the
- program when you switch on the Electron. Once this program has been run,
- pressing (for example) FUNC-2 will select mode 2 and will automatically set
- up the text window. (FUNC-2 is obtained by holding down the FUNC key and
- then pressing and releasing "2").
-
- Note that the "|" character is obtained by holding down SHIFT and pressing
- the "right arrow" key.
-
-
- 10 *KEY 0 MODE 0 |M VDU 28,0,31,79,1 |M
- 20 *KEY 1 MODE 1 |M VDU 28,0,31,39,1 |M
- 30 *KEY 2 MODE 2 |M VDU 28,0,31,19,1, |M
- 40 *KEY 3 MODE 3 |M VDU 28,0,24,79,1 |M
- 50 *KEY 4 MODE 4 |M VDU 28,0,31,39,1 |M
- 60 *KEY 5 MODE 5 |M VDU 28,0,31,19,1 |M
- 70 *KEY 6 MODE 6 |M VDU 28,0,24,39,1 |M
-
- If you wish to use the text window in other ways, the general form of the
- VDU command is as follows:
-
- VDU 28,a,b,c,d
-
- where: a is the left hand column number (starting at 0)
- b is the bottom row number (starting with row 0 at the top)
- c is th e right hand column number
- d is the top row number
- of the area on the screen where text is to be displayed.
-
- After a VDU 28 command, text will only be printed inside the area specified.
- See page 92 and page 112 of the Electron User Guide for further details. By
- using a different number for "b", it is possible to remove the bottom line
- of the display as well.
-
- The *KEY command and function keys are described in chapter 24 of the
- Electron User Guide.
-
- Electron Television Display
-
- When using a television set with an Acorn Electron computer you may find
- that the top lines of the screen image are not displayed. The commands
- shown below can be used as a "one off" or incorporated into a procedure and
- called up when a complete picture is displayed on the screen. This problem
- can then be easily overcome.
-
- Using VDU 11 (CTRL K) will move the screen down one line if the text cursor
- is positioned somewhere on the top line of the screen. If the cursor is not
- already positioned there, this can be achieved by using the command VDU 30
- (CTRL . immediately prior to the VDU 11 command. this has the effect of
- homing the text cursor to the top left hand corner of the screen, therefore
- ensuring that the VDU 11 command has the desired effect.
-
- Having carried out this operation the text cursor is now left at the top of
- the screen and all text will be printed at that position. This problem can
- be overcome by using the following statement instead:
-
- A=POS : B=VPOS-1 : VDU 30,11 : P.TAB (A,B)
-
- The variables POS and VPOS contain the X,Y co-ordinates of the text cursor's
- present screen position. Having "remembered" your current screen position
- you can then use the VDU 30,11 command to move the screen display down one
- line. Having moved the image down the screen it is then possible, with the
- P.TAB (A,B) command, to return to your original position. You do in fact
- return to the same point on the X axis but one line up on the Y axis
- "B=VPOS-1". this enables you to return "physically" to the same point you
- left, rather than the point in the text. This is only really necessary if
- your original position was on the bottom line of the screen, as returning to
- that position in the text would require moving to a position off the bottom
- of the screen.
-